Base rates versus sample accuracy: competition for control in human matching to sample.

Control by sample location in pigeons' matching to sample.

Three experiments assessed the impact of sample location in pigeons' matching to sample. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that after line or hue identity matching was acquired to high levels of accuracy with center-key samples, varying sample location across the three keys disrupted performances. The drop in accuracy occurred following both zero-delay and simultaneous training and was mostly co...

Rigorous Training of Dogs Leads to High Accuracy in Human Scent Matching-To-Sample Performance

Human scent identification is based on a matching-to-sample task in which trained dogs are required to compare a scent sample collected from an object found at a crime scene to that of a suspect. Based on dogs' greater olfactory ability to detect and process odours, this method has been used in forensic investigations to identify the odour of a suspect at a crime scene. The excellent reliabilit...

Transfer of pigeons' matching to sample to novel sample locations.

This study examined the conditions under which conditional stimulus control by the sample stimuli in three-key matching-to-sample paradigms would generalize across the different possible sample locations. In Experiments 1 and 2, the samples appeared on the left and right side keys during initial training and then on the center key during testing. Transfer of pigeons' matching performances to th...

Learning mechanisms in matching to sample.

A model system and an experiment on early learning and decision processes in matching-to-sample and oddity-from-sample tasks are presented. The model system is based, in part, on videotaped records of pigeons' looking responses before they chose 1 of 2 comparison stimuli. In order to see the wavelength stimuli recessed behind the pecking keys, the pigeons had to move in front of them. Although ...

Main Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study in A Sample of Iranian Women